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Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs) |
Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs)
are necessary fats that humans cannot synthesize, and must be obtained through
diet. EFAs are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
derived from linolenic, linoleic, and oleic acids. There are two families of EFAs:
Omega 3 and Omega 6. Omega-9 is necessary yet "non-essential" because the body
can manufacture a modest amount on its own, provided essential EFAs
are present. The number following "Omega-" represents the position of the first
double bond, counting from the terminal methyl group on the molecule. Omega 3
fatty acids are derived from Linolenic Acid, Omega 6 from Linoleic Acid, and Omega-9
from Oleic Acid. Essential
Fatty Acids support the cardiovascular, reproductive, immune, and nervous systems.
The human body needs EFAs to manufacture and repair
cell membranes, enabling the cells to obtain optimum nutrition and expel harmful
waste products. A primary function of EFAs is the
production of prostaglandins, which regulate body functions such as heart rate,
blood pressure, blood clotting, fertility, conception, and play a role in immune
function by regulating inflammation and encouraging the body to fight infection.
Essential Fatty Acids are also needed for proper growth in children, particularly
for neural development and maturation of sensory systems, with male children having
higher needs than females. Fetuses and breast-fed infants also require an adequate
supply of EFAs through the mother's dietary intake.
Essential Fatty
Acids deficiency is common in the United States, particularly Omega 3 deficiency.
An ideal intake ratio of Omega 6 to Omega 3 fatty acids is between 1:1 and 4:1,
with most Americans only obtaining a ratio between 10:1 and 25:1. The minimum
healthy intake for both linolenic (Omega 3) and linoleic (Omega 6) acid via diet,
per adult per day, is 1.5 grams of each.
One tablespoon of flaxseed oil can provide this amount, or larger amounts of other
linolenic-rich foods. Because high heat destroys linolenic acid, cooking in linolenic-rich
oils or eating cooked linolenic-rich fish is unlikely to provide a sufficient
amount. EFA
deficiency and Omega 6/3 imbalance is linked with serious health conditions, such
as heart attacks, cancer, insulin resistance, asthma, lupus, schizophrenia, depression,
postpartum depression, accelerated aging, stroke, obesity, diabetes, arthritis,
ADHD, and Alzheimer's Disease, among others. Omega
3 (Linolenic Acid) Alpha
Linolenic Acid (ALA) is the principal Omega 3 fatty acid, which a healthy human
will convert into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and later into docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA). EPA and the GLA synthesized from linoleic (Omega 6) acid are later
converted into hormone-like compounds known as eicosanoids, which aid in many
bodily functions including vital organ function and intracellular activity. Omega
3s are used in the formation of cell walls, making them supple and flexible, and
improving circulation and oxygen uptake with proper red blood cell flexibility
and function. Omega
3 deficiencies are linked to decreased memory and mental abilities, tingling sensation
of the nerves, poor vision, increased tendency to form blood clots, diminished
immune function, increased triglycerides and "bad" cholesterol (LDL) levels, impaired
membrane function, hypertension, irregular heart beat, learning disorders, menopausal
discomfort, and growth retardation in infants, children, and pregnant women. Omega
3 found in foods: Flaxseed
oil (flaxseed oil has the highest linolenic content of any food), flaxseeds, flaxseed
meal, hempseed oil, hempseeds, walnuts, pumpkin seeds, Brazil nuts, sesame seeds,
avocados, some dark leafy green vegetables (kale, spinach, purslane, mustard greens,
collards, etc.), soybean oil, wheat germ oil, salmon, mackerel, sardines, anchovies,
albacore tuna, and others. One
tablespoon per day of flaxseed oil should provide the recommended daily adult
portion of linolenic acid, although "time-released" effects of consuming nuts
and other linolenic-rich foods is being studied, and considered more beneficial
than a once-daily oil intake. Flaxseed
oil used for dietary supplementation should be kept in the refrigerator or freezer,
and purchased from a supplier who refrigerates the liquid as well. Unripe
flaxseeds contain a natural form of cyanide, and home gardeners should be cautious
if trying to grow flax. The seeds must be ripe before harvesting. If attempting
to grow flax at home, consult an experienced grower.
Omega 6 (Linoleic Acid) Linoleic
Acid is the primary Omega 6 fatty acid. A healthy human with good nutrition will
convert linoleic acid into gamma linolenic acid (GLA), which will later by synthesized,
with EPA from the Omega 3 group, into eicosanoids. Some Omega
6s improve diabetic neuropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, PMS, skin disorders (e.g.
psoriasis and eczema), and aid in cancer treatment. Although
most Americans obtain an excess of linoleic acid, often it is not converted to
GLA because of metabolic problems caused by diets rich in sugar, alcohol, or trans
fats from processed foods, as well as smoking, pollution, stress, aging, viral
infections, and other illnesses such as diabetes. It is best to eliminate these
factors when possible, but some prefer to supplement with GLA-rich foods such
as borage oil, black currant seed oil, or evening primrose oil. Omega
6 found in foods: Flaxseed
oil, flaxseeds, flaxseed meal, hempseed oil, hempseeds, grapeseed oil, pumpkin
seeds, pine nuts, pistachio nuts, sunflower seeds (raw), olive oil, olives, borage
oil, evening primrose oil, black currant seed oil, chestnut oil, chicken, among
many others. Avoid refined
and hydrogenated versions of these foods. Corn,
safflower, sunflower, soybean, and cottonseed oils are also sources of linoleic
acid, but are refined and may be nutrient-deficient as sold in stores.
Omega-9 (Oleic Acid) Essential
but technically not an EFA, because the human body
can manufacture a limited amount, provided essential EFAs
are present. Monounsaturated oleic acid lowers heart attack
risk and arteriosclerosis, and aids in cancer prevention. Omega
9 found in foods: Olive
oil (extra virgin or virgin), olives, avocados, almonds, peanuts, sesame oil,
pecans, pistachio nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, etc. One
to two tablespoons of extra virgin or virgin olive oil per day should provide
sufficient oleic acid for adults. However, the "time-released" effects of obtaining
these nutrients from nuts and other whole foods is thought to be more beneficial
than consuming the entire daily amount via a single oil dose.
Food Tips High
heat, light, and oxygen destroy EFAs, so when consuming
foods for their EFA content, try to avoid cooked
or heated forms. For example, raw nuts are a better source than roasted nuts.
Don't use flaxseed oil for cooking, and never re-use any type of oil. Replace
hydrogenated fats (like margarine), cholesterol-based fats (butter/dairy products),
and poly-saturated fats (common cooking oils) with healthy EFA-based
fats when possible. For example, instead of margarine or butter on your warm (not
hot) vegetables, use flaxseed and/or extra virgin olive oils with salt. (This
tastes similar to margarine, as margarine is just hydrogenated oil with salt.)
Sprinkling flaxseed
meal on vegetables adds a slightly nutty taste. Whole flaxseeds are usually passed
through the intestine, absorbing water only and not yielding much oil. Also, it's
best not to use huge amounts of flaxseed in its meal (ground seed) form, as it
contains phytoestrogens. The oil is much lower in phytoestrogens. In
many recipes calling for vegetable shortening, replacing the shortening with half
as much virgin olive oil, and a very small pinch of extra salt, often yields similar
results. Adding flaxseed
and/or virgin olive oil to salads instead of supermarket salad oil is another
healthy change. Replace
oily snack foods, like potato chips and corn chips, with nuts and seeds.
Extra virgin olive oil or grapeseed
oil are best to use for cooking oil, as they withstand high heat well.
Various Reported Health Benifits Of Omega
3 6 9 Studies
suggest that Omega 3 6 9 EFA's may be helpful
in treating a variety of conditions. Lower
high cholesterol levels Lowers
high blood pressure Helps
prevent heart disease Reduces
the possibility of a stroke Helps
to control Diabetes Aids
in weight loss Reduces
the inflamation of Arthritis Aids
in the proper assimilation of calcium to fight Osteoporosis Helps
to boost mental clarity ti fight: Depression, Manic/Depression (Bipolar Disorder),
Schizophrenia, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Eating Disorders
Helps
one heal faster from burns Helps
treat Skin Disorders Helps
reduce the effects of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Helps
build the immune system to treat Asthma Prevents
Macular Degeneration in many Reduces
Menstrual Pain Reduces
the possibilty of Colon Cancer, Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer Other
Although further research is needed, preliminary evidence suggests that Omega
3 6 9 fatty acids may also prove helpful in protecting against certain infections
and treating a variety of conditions including ulcers, migraine headaches,
preterm labor, emphysema, psoriasis, glaucoma, Lyme disease, lupus, and panic
attacks.
Nutritional
information for Infinity Omega 3-6-9 is here
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"These
statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended
to diagnose, cure, prevent or treat any diseases."
The above is a Government ORDERED statement. It is NOT based
in either reality or sanity. Just like our Government. In
a landmark decision on Friday, Jan. 15, 1999, the US Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia ruled that the health claim rules imposed by the FDA unconstitutional
and in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act. The
court instructed the FDA to define "significant scientific agreement" for health
claims on dietary supplement labels, and instructed the FDA to allow the use of
disclaimers on labels rather than to suppress these claims outright. The
court further held that four FDA Final rules (prohibiting certain nutrient disease
relationship claims) invalid under the first Amendment to the Constitution.
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